Source code is the code that we type into a programming language.

Executable code comes from the source code and is code the computer can understand. It is also called machine code.

Bytecode is code that is processed by a virtual machine (VM). The VM translates it to machine code.Examples of translators are Java Virtual Machine, Python.

An interpreter executes instructions from source code.

A compiler is a program that converts source code into executable code.

Syntax, logical and run-time errors

A syntax error is a typo when you type in the source code. It is a mistake the programming language cannot compile. An example is a fullstop, or comma not used correctly. Incorrect spelling eg sing instead of string.

A logic or logical error is when the program runs, but doesn't do what it is supposed to do. eg using addition instead of subtraction in a formula.

A run-time error is an error that happens when the program is started and is running. Something stops it. Incorrect input. Lack of memory.

Internal documentation and external documentation. Internal with the code and external to the code.

This is commenting within your source code. It helps other programmers understand your code. eg in Python use a hash. #this is a comment in Python

This is documentation that explains how to use a program. It is for the end user or the person who needs to use the program. eg a user manual

Data types are how data is categorized. Examples are character (text), boolean (true/false), integer (number)

Complex data types can store data and include arrays and records.

Integer is a whole number in a range (4 byte is between -2,147,483,648 and 2,147,483,647. (2 byte is between -32,768 and 32,767). Note: never use commas in source code (syntax error results)

Real data types are numbers that can use a decimal point. Also called floating point.

Boolean only has two values to choose from 0 or 1 eg false or true

Character data type is a character from the keyboard. Characters can be combined to make data type - string.

A string is a sequence of characters. "often in quotes"

An array is a collection of values. A list. Note: must be an array of the same data type; string or int etc. They have brackets. eg aStringArray=("bill","sue")

A record is a collection of values that can be of different kinds. eg They can be a row in a table which shows age (int) name (string) etc

A variable that doesn't change. eg Pi could be used several times in a program and it will never change so it should be a constant variable.

It is a named memory location. These are stores that a program can access to reference or re-use.

A variable that is only available in the current code or module.

A variable that can be used in all parts of the program and are placed at the beginning of the program.

It is a referenced variable or constant that is passed to a function or module. It is the value that is needed for the program to operate. They can be passed into or out of a function or module. They usually have brackets (parentheses) around them so they are easy to find.

sequence, selection and iteration

one-way (if then), two-way (if then else) and multi-way(case, nested if)

test first (while), test last( repeat until) and fixed(for)

A stub can be a placeholder for future code. It identifies code yet to be developed.

A function is a procedure or routine that returns a result. It returns a value when called.

Is a line of code causing some action to be carried out.

A chunk of code that can return a value or possibly not return a value. We use modules so we can organise code into useful organisational chunks. For example you may have a module called calculateTax that when called conducts the calculateTax component of a program.

It is a test procedure for a program. The table progresses through the code one line at time to test chosen values in order to find logic errors.

Structure charts are a drawing of the modules in a program. The main module is uppermost and other modules are under that. There are data values that flow between these modules and there are also control values (these are true/false values) Some call them data couples or control couples.

It is a process to make sure correct data is entered into a field. Range checking sets a low and high. For example entry of month of birth has range of 1 to 12 only. Type checking ensures data is of the expected data type. eg a string entered into an age field would be incorrect.

This refers to parameters and for scope it means the boundary where the parameter exists. The lifetime of an identifier is dependent on how it is passed.

A parameter which outputs its actual value. It is passed and always has the original value.

A parameter passed by reference refers to the original location of the parameter's value. It is like just passing the link to the original which never changes.