Personal Area Network, Local Area Network, Wide Area Network, Metropolitan Area Network, Storage Area Network, Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access.

A network for one person. Wireless can be using bluetooth such as wireless headphones or can be infrared connections. Wired PAN can be cables USBs to your device.

A network for between 2 and 2000 people. Or more. The most common network for schools and business activities. Client computers connect to resources stored on other server computers.

A network over a large area. The biggest WAN on earth is the internet. Other WANS may be for banks or large companies spread out over different states.

It uses the 802.16a standard. It is wireless over long distances. It is designed for delivery of internet at up to 70Mbps. It is very expensive.

It uses radio frequencies to connect to a wired network.

A network without a server. Workstations connected to share files and tasks with all or just some users.

A network with a server that shares resources to and with, connected workstations or clients.

The most common business/school network setup with a server, switches and workstations.

Network topology asks what structure the network has. Is it peer to peer, Star, client/server?

It is comparison software that compares a user name and password, to a previously setup username and password. Sometimes called login credentials.

Hardware can stop unwanted files coming into the network. Examples are firewall and proxy server. Software can also encrypt the data for safe movement.

It filters traffic to prevent dangerous data packets. It could be a router that has an access list of allowed IP addresses. It can block ports to prevent unwanted network traffic.

A client is allocated a private key and a public key. Their public key is stored on the external server they want to get to. When the client wants to access the server they provide their private key - they are in.

Use authentication, use a firewall, use anti-virus and anti-malware software.

Have different passwords according to purpose. Have long passwords with unusual characters. Change important passwords regularly. Have a system for recording them safely. Use 1 for i, use 3 for e, use spaces, no dictionary words.

An anti-virus program removes detected viruses from a network. The best anti-virus programs are updated regularly with a database of the latest virus controls.

Encryption is encoding information so that it can't be read without the decode information. It works by firstly coding the information so it can't be read, and then secondly decoding the information so it can be read.

This is bombarding a website with traffic so that it clogs the bandwidth and the website can't work properly.

Is remote access to a device through the software in order to update the software for correct use, or to add malware by hackers for incorrect use.

Is pretending to be a known user or device on the web. It is used to disguise where the actual traffic is coming from. A 'pretend IP' by modifying Domain Name System(DNS)which has been called a phone book for the internet.

Impersonating a website and directing traffic to a dodgy look-a-like website so people put in username and passwords. They now have your login details.

Changing DNS to make web traffic go to the a dodgey look-a-like website to collect login details.

It is the hardware that connects a computer to a wired network. It is in the computer and usually has a RJ45 connector on it.

It is hardware usually found in a LAN which receives connections from many computers and then tranmits these on to the server. Common sizes are 8 port/16port/24port/48 ports. This means 8/16/24/or 48 computers can connect to them.

To check incoming data and stop any dangerous data. It uses rules to filter out unwanted data. This may be based on IP address of incoming traffic.

It connects 2 or more networks together. In a house it connects the home computers to the internet 'network' from an Internet Service Provider (ISP)

It sends signals over a telephone line. MOdulate/DEModulate the signal from analog to digital and back again.

It sends and receives signals to and from wireless computing devices. It sends back to the server using a wired connection. (usually via a switch)

A bridge connects LANs of the same protocol eg ethernet. One reason to use a bridge is to monitor traffic on ethernet. Once bridged 2 networks become 1.

It controls data leaving the LAN, going to the internet AND coming back into the LAN. It is a secure location with firewall, or proxy server.

It amplifies a signal. It is placed in locations where signals are weakened by distance. It receives the signal, amplifies it and then transmits it on.

Is a standard established to transfer files between a client and a server. It outlines expected components and procedures to be followed for FTP.

This is the request response protocol. As a web address is typed into the web address bar, if it is correct it displays. If not correct, error 404 Page not found, will be displayed.

Same as HTTP, but it has a Secure Socket Layer (SSL)of protection. This involves paying for SSL and applying it to your website. A website with SSL has a small padlock displayed in the web address bar.

Is a standard for sending and receiving emails. The email program was made according to the the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) standards.

It standardizes the way all wireless devices are expected to work. The components and procedures to be adhered to.

Is a collection of protocols working to connect network devices on the internet.

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

Application layer is where data is created. This layer also requests connections between web browser and web server.

HTTP on port 80, HTTPS on port 443, FTP on port 20 or 21, SSH on port 22, Telnet on port 23, POP3 on port 110, SMTP on port 25.

Makes the connections for reliable flow of data for the applications on different computers.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Creates IP addresses and transfers packets of data using IP addressing.

IP (internet protocol)

Gives the hardware and physical addressing to transfer frames with physical MAC addresses, and also to send and receive bits.

Ethernet protocol, NIC, ethernet to carry the signals on the network.

Multiple pairs of wires, each pair twisted to reduce interference, UTP is Unshielded Twisted Pair, STP is Shielded Twisted Pair and is surrounded by a sheath of aluminium foil under the outer plastic coating.

A cable with glass or plastic strands inside it that can carry signals. They use light based technology. The light travels through the core. The light bounces off the walls of the core. It uses light detecting components to turn the light pulses into and back from electrical information.

A mode is a path that the light follows down the fibre. In single mode the light goes straight down the middle. In mult-mode,which is bigger, there are more modes with signal traffic each having its own colour bouncing off the walls. Multi-mode can only go short distances. Single mode can go up to 100 kms and is faster.

You need a satellite ground station to send the signals, you need a satellite in the sky to catch and amplify the signals, you need a satellite ground station to receive the signals.

You need a ground microwave dish antenna to send and receive the signals at one end, you need another one at the other end. It is line of sight (LOS) communication. Maximum distance is 100km. Minimum distance is 5 km. Distance depends on what radio frequency is used.

You need a pattern of antenna cell towers spread out over the city to send and receive the signals from cell phones. Due to hills, signal loss and buildings the signal may need to go via other antenna cell towers.

You need a transmitting antenna sending out the broadcast, you need receiving antennas to receive the signal/broadcast. This is the way that public radio stations work.